path: root/markup/pod/live-manual/media/text/pot/user_customization-runtime.ssi.pot

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# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the live-manual package.
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"Project-Id-Version: live-manual 5.0~a2-1\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-23 11:04+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
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msgid "code{"
msgstr ""

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msgid "}code"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:2
msgid ":B~ Customizing run time behaviours"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:4
msgid "1~customizing-run-time-behaviours Customizing run time behaviours"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:6
msgid ""
"All configuration that is done during run time is done by live-config. Here "
"are some of the most common options of live-config that users are interested "
"in. A full list of all possibilities can be found in the man page of live-"
"config."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:8
msgid "2~ Customizing the live user"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:10
msgid ""
"One important consideration is that the live user is created by live-boot at "
"boot time, not by live-build at build time. This not only influences where "
"materials relating to the live user are introduced in your build, as "
"discussed in {Live/chroot local includes}#live-chroot-local-includes, but "
"also any groups and permissions associated with the live user."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:12
msgid ""
"You can specify additional groups that the live user will belong to by using "
"any of the possibilities to configure live-config. For example, to add the "
"live user to the #{fuse}# group, you can either add the following file in "
"#{config/includes.chroot/etc/live/config/user-setup.conf}#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:16
#, no-wrap
msgid " LIVE_USER_DEFAULT_GROUPS=\"audio cdrom dip floppy video plugdev netdev powerdev scanner bluetooth fuse\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:20
msgid ""
"or use #{live-config.user-default-groups=audio,cdrom,dip,floppy,video,"
"plugdev,netdev,powerdev,scanner,bluetooth,fuse}# as a boot parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:22
msgid ""
"It is also possible to change the default username \"user\" and the default "
"password \"live\". If you want to do that for any reason, you can easily "
"achieve it as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:24
msgid ""
"To change the default username you can simply specify it in your config:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:28
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ lb config --bootappend-live \"boot=live components username=live-user\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:32
msgid ""
"One possible way of changing the default password is by means of a hook as "
"described in {Boot-time hooks}#boot-time-hooks. In order to do that you can "
"use the \"passwd\" hook from #{/usr/share/doc/live-config/examples/hooks}#, "
"prefix it accordingly (e.g. 2000-passwd) and add it to #{config/includes."
"chroot/lib/live/config/}#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:34
msgid "2~customizing-locale-and-language Customizing locale and language"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:36
msgid "When the live system boots, language is involved in two steps:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:38
msgid "_* the locale generation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:40
msgid "_* setting the keyboard configuration"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:42
msgid ""
"The default locale when building a Live system is #{locales=en_US.UTF-8}#. "
"To define the locale that should be generated, use the #{locales}# parameter "
"in the #{--bootappend-live}# option of #{lb config}#, e.g."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:46
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ lb config --bootappend-live \"boot=live components locales=de_CH.UTF-8\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:50
msgid "Multiple locales may be specified as a comma-delimited list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:52
msgid ""
"This parameter, as well as the keyboard configuration parameters indicated "
"below, can also be used at the kernel command line. You can specify a locale "
"by #{language_country}# (in which case the default encoding is used) or the "
"full #{language_country.encoding}# word. A list of supported locales and the "
"encoding for each can be found in #{/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED}#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:54
msgid ""
"Both the console and X keyboard configuration are performed by #{live-config}"
"# using the #{console-setup}# package. To configure them, use the #{keyboard-"
"layouts}#, #{keyboard-variants}#, #{keyboard-options}# and #{keyboard-model}"
"# boot parameters via the #{--bootappend-live}# option. Valid options for "
"these can be found in #{/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst}#. To find layouts "
"and variants for a given language, try searching for the English name of the "
"language and/or the country where the language is spoken, e.g:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:67
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ egrep -i '(^!|german.*switzerland)' /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst\n"
" ! model\n"
" ! layout\n"
"   ch              German (Switzerland)\n"
" ! variant\n"
"   legacy          ch: German (Switzerland, legacy)\n"
"   de_nodeadkeys   ch: German (Switzerland, eliminate dead keys)\n"
"   de_sundeadkeys  ch: German (Switzerland, Sun dead keys)\n"
"   de_mac          ch: German (Switzerland, Macintosh)\n"
" ! option\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:71
msgid ""
"Note that each variant lists the layout to which it applies in the "
"description."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:73
msgid ""
"Often, only the layout needs to be configured. For example, to get the "
"locale files for German and Swiss German keyboard layout in X use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:77
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ lb config --bootappend-live \"boot=live components locales=de_CH.UTF-8 keyboard-layouts=ch\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:81
msgid ""
"However, for very specific use cases, you may wish to include other "
"parameters. For example, to set up a French system with a French-Dvorak "
"layout (called Bepo) on a TypeMatrix EZ-Reach 2030 USB keyboard, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:86
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ lb config --bootappend-live \\\n"
"     \"boot=live components locales=fr_FR.UTF-8 keyboard-layouts=fr keyboard-variants=bepo keyboard-model=tm2030usb\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:90
msgid ""
"Multiple values may be specified as comma-delimited lists for each of the "
"#{keyboard-*}# options, with the exception of #{keyboard-model}#, which "
"accepts only one value. Please see the #{keyboard(5)}# man page for details "
"and examples of #{XKBMODEL}#, #{XKBLAYOUT}#, #{XKBVARIANT}# and #{XKBOPTIONS}"
"# variables. If multiple #{keyboard-variants}# values are given, they will "
"be matched one-to-one with #{keyboard-layouts}# values (see #{setxkbmap(1)}# "
"#{-variant}# option). Empty values are allowed; e.g. to define two layouts, "
"the default being US QWERTY and the other being US Dvorak, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:95
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ lb config --bootappend-live \\\n"
"     \"boot=live components keyboard-layouts=us,us keyboard-variants=,dvorak\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:99
msgid "2~persistence Persistence"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:101
msgid ""
"A live cd paradigm is a pre-installed system which runs from read-only "
"media, like a cdrom, where writes and modifications do not survive reboots "
"of the host hardware which runs it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:103
msgid ""
"A live system is a generalization of this paradigm and thus supports other "
"media in addition to CDs; but still, in its default behaviour, it should be "
"considered read-only and all the run-time evolutions of the system are lost "
"at shutdown."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:105
msgid ""
"'Persistence' is a common name for different kinds of solutions for saving "
"across reboots some, or all, of this run-time evolution of the system. To "
"understand how it works it would be handy to know that even if the system is "
"booted and run from read-only media, modifications to the files and "
"directories are written on writable media, typically a ram disk (tmpfs) and "
"ram disks' data do not survive reboots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:107
msgid ""
"The data stored on this ramdisk should be saved on a writable persistent "
"medium like local storage media, a network share or even a session of a "
"multisession (re)writable CD/DVD. All these media are supported in live "
"systems in different ways, and all but the last one require a special boot "
"parameter to be specified at boot time: #{persistence}#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:109
msgid ""
"If the boot parameter #{persistence}# is set (and #{nopersistence}# is not "
"set), local storage media (e.g. hard disks, USB drives) will be probed for "
"persistence volumes during boot. It is possible to restrict which types of "
"persistence volumes to use by specifying certain boot parameters described "
"in the live-boot(7) man page. A persistence volume is any of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:111
msgid "_* a partition, identified by its GPT name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:113
msgid "_* a filesystem, identified by its filesystem label."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:115
msgid ""
"_* an image file located on the root of any readable filesystem (even an "
"NTFS partition of a foreign OS), identified by its filename."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:117
msgid ""
"The volume label for overlays must be #{persistence}# but it will be ignored "
"unless it contains in its root a file named #{persistence.conf}# which is "
"used to fully customize the volume's persistence, this is to say, specifying "
"the directories that you want to save in your persistence volume after a "
"reboot. See {The persistence.conf file}#persistence-conf for more details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:119
msgid ""
"Here are some examples of how to prepare a volume to be used for "
"persistence. It can be, for instance, an ext4 partition on a hard disk or on "
"a usb key created with, e.g.:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:123
#, no-wrap
msgid " # mkfs.ext4 -L persistence /dev/sdb1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:127
msgid "See also {Using the space left on a USB stick}#using-usb-extra-space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:129
msgid ""
"If you already have a partition on your device, you could just change the "
"label with one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:133
#, no-wrap
msgid " # tune2fs -L persistence /dev/sdb1 # for ext2,3,4 filesystems\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:137
msgid ""
"Here's an example of how to create an ext4-based image file to be used for "
"persistence:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:142
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ dd if=/dev/null of=persistence bs=1 count=0 seek=1G # for a 1GB sized image file\n"
" $ /sbin/mkfs.ext4 -F persistence\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:146
msgid ""
"Once the image file is created, as an example, to make #{/usr}# persistent "
"but only saving the changes you make to that directory and not all the "
"contents of #{/usr}#, you can use the \"union\" option. If the image file is "
"located in your home directory, copy it to the root of your hard drive's "
"filesystem and mount it in #{/mnt}# as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:151
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # cp persistence /\n"
" # mount -t ext4 /persistence /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:155
msgid ""
"Then, create the #{persistence.conf}# file adding content and unmount the "
"image file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:160
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # echo \"/usr union\" >> /mnt/persistence.conf\n"
" # umount /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:164
msgid ""
"Now, reboot into your live medium with the boot parameter \"persistence\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:166
msgid "3~persistence-conf The persistence.conf file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:168
msgid ""
"A volume with the label #{persistence}# must be configured by means of the "
"#{persistence.conf}# file to make arbitrary directories persistent. That "
"file, located on the volume's filesystem root, controls which directories it "
"makes persistent, and in which way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:170
msgid ""
"How custom overlay mounts are configured is described in full detail in the "
"persistence.conf(5) man page, but a simple example should be sufficient for "
"most uses. Let's say we want to make our home directory and APT cache "
"persistent in an ext4 filesystem on the /dev/sdb1 partition:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:178
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" # mkfs.ext4 -L persistence /dev/sdb1\n"
" # mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt\n"
" # echo \"/home\" >> /mnt/persistence.conf\n"
" # echo \"/var/cache/apt\" >> /mnt/persistence.conf\n"
" # umount /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:182
msgid ""
"Then we reboot. During the first boot the contents of #{/home}# and #{/var/"
"cache/apt}# will be copied into the persistence volume, and from then on all "
"changes to these directories will live in the persistence volume. Please "
"note that any paths listed in the #{persistence.conf}# file cannot contain "
"white spaces or the special #{.}# and #{..}# path components. Also, neither "
"#{/lib}#, #{/lib/live}# (or any of their sub-directories) nor #{/}# can be "
"made persistent using custom mounts. As a workaround for this limitation you "
"can add #{/ union}# to your #{persistence.conf}# file to achieve full "
"persistence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:184
msgid "3~ Using more than one persistence store"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:186
msgid ""
"There are different methods of using multiple persistence store for "
"different use cases. For instance, using several volumes at the same time or "
"selecting only one, among various, for very specific purposes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:188
msgid ""
"Several different custom overlay volumes (with their own #{persistence.conf}"
"# files) can be used at the same time, but if several volumes make the same "
"directory persistent, only one of them will be used. If any two mounts are "
"\"nested\" (i.e. one is a sub-directory of the other) the parent will be "
"mounted before the child so no mount will be hidden by the other. Nested "
"custom mounts are problematic if they are listed in the same #{persistence."
"conf}# file. See the persistence.conf(5) man page for how to handle that "
"case if you really need it (hint: you usually don't)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:190
msgid ""
"One possible use case: If you wish to store the user data i.e. #{/home}# and "
"the superuser data i.e. #{/root}# in different partitions, create two "
"partitions with the #{persistence}# label and add a #{persistence.conf}# "
"file in each one like this, #{# echo \"/home\" > persistence.conf}# for the "
"first partition that will save the user's files and #{# echo \"/root\" > "
"persistence.conf}# for the second partition which will store the superuser's "
"files. Finally, use the #{persistence}# boot parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:192
msgid ""
"If a user would need multiple persistence store of the same type for "
"different locations or testing, such as #{private}# and #{work}#, the boot "
"parameter #{persistence-label}# used in conjunction with the boot parameter "
"#{persistence}# will allow for multiple but unique persistence media. An "
"example would be if a user wanted to use a persistence partition labeled "
"#{private}# for personal data like browser bookmarks or other types, they "
"would use the boot parameters: #{persistence}# #{persistence-label=private}"
"#. And to store work related data, like documents, research projects or "
"other types, they would use the boot parameters: #{persistence}# "
"#{persistence-label=work}#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:194
msgid ""
"It is important to remember that each of these volumes, #{private}# and "
"#{work}#, also needs a #{persistence.conf}# file in its root. The live-boot "
"man page contains more information about how to use these labels with legacy "
"names."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:196
msgid "3~ Using persistence with encryption"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:198
msgid ""
"Using the persistence feature means that some sensible data might get "
"exposed to risk. Especially if the persistent data is stored on a portable "
"device such as a usb stick or an external hard drive. That is when "
"encryption comes in handy. Even if the entire procedure might seem "
"complicated because of the number of steps to be taken, it is really easy to "
"handle encrypted partitions with live-boot. In order to use *{luks}*, which "
"is the supported encryption type, you need to install /{cryptsetup}/ both on "
"the machine you are creating the encrypted partition with and also in the "
"live system you are going to use the encrypted persistent partition with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:200
msgid "To install /{cryptsetup}/ on your machine:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:204
#, no-wrap
msgid " # apt-get install cryptsetup\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:208
msgid ""
"To install /{cryptsetup}/ in your live system, add it to your package-lists:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:213
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ lb config\n"
" $ echo \"cryptsetup\" > config/package-lists/encryption.list.chroot\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:217
msgid ""
"Once you have your live system with /{cryptsetup}/, you basically only need "
"to create a new partition, encrypt it and boot with the #{persistence}# and "
"#{persistence-encryption=luks}# parameters. We could have already "
"anticipated this step and added the boot parameters following the usual "
"procedure:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:221
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ lb config --bootappend-live \"boot=live components persistence persistence-encryption=luks\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:225
msgid ""
"Let's go into the details for all of those who are not familiar with "
"encryption. In the following example we are going to use a partition on a "
"usb stick which corresponds to #{/dev/sdc2}#. Please be warned that you need "
"to determine which partition is the one you are going to use in your "
"specific case."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:227
msgid ""
"The first step is plugging in your usb stick and determine which device it "
"is. The recommended method of listing devices in live-manual is using #{ls -"
"l /dev/disk/by-id}#. After that, create a new partition and then, encrypt it "
"with a passphrase as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:231
#, no-wrap
msgid " # cryptsetup --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sdc2\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:235
msgid ""
"Then open the luks partition in the virtual device mapper. Use any name you "
"like. We use *{live}* here as an example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:239
#, no-wrap
msgid " # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc2 live\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:243
msgid ""
"The next step is filling the device with zeros before creating the "
"filesystem:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:247
#, no-wrap
msgid " # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/live\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:251
msgid ""
"Now, we are ready to create the filesystem. Notice that we are adding the "
"label #{persistence}# so that the device is mounted as persistence store at "
"boot time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:255
#, no-wrap
msgid " # mkfs.ext4 -L persistence /dev/mapper/live\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:259
msgid ""
"To continue with our setup, we need to mount the device, for example in #{/"
"mnt}#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:263
#, no-wrap
msgid " # mount /dev/mapper/live /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:267
msgid ""
"And create the #{persistence.conf}# file in the root of the partition. This "
"is, as explained before, strictly necessary. See {The persistence.conf file}"
"#persistence-conf."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:271
#, no-wrap
msgid " # echo \"/ union\" > /mnt/persistence.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:275
msgid "Then unmount the mount point:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:279
#, no-wrap
msgid " # umount /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:283
msgid ""
"And optionally, although it might be a good way of securing the data we have "
"just added to the partition, we can close the device:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:287
#, no-wrap
msgid " # cryptsetup luksClose live\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: en/user_customization-runtime.ssi:290
msgid ""
"Let's summarize the process. So far, we have created an encryption capable "
"live system, which can be copied to a usb stick as explained in {Copying an "
"ISO hybrid image to a USB stick}#copying-iso-hybrid-to-usb. We have also "
"created an encrypted partition, which can be located in the same usb stick "
"to carry it around and we have configured the encrypted partition to be used "
"as persistence store. So now, we only need to boot the live system. At boot "
"time, live-boot will prompt us for the passphrase and will mount the "
"encrypted partition to be used for persistence."
msgstr ""